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Litauische Bau-Bataillon
The ''Litauische Bau-Bataillonen'' or Lithuanian Construction Battalions ((リトアニア語:Lietuvių statybos (inžinerijos) batalionai)) were five auxiliary pioneer units of the Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany) during World War II. Formed in 1943, they consisted mostly of conscripted Lithuanians with only a small number of Germans. They were attached to German engineering units under the Army Group North.〔Jason Pipes, ("Lithuanian Volunteers in the German Wehrmacht in WWII" )〕 They were sent to the Eastern Front where they constructed and repaired roads, bridges, bunkers, anti-tank obstacles, and other military fortifications. They were labor not combat units though they engaged Soviet partisans on several occasions. A few times Lithuanian formations were used to plunder and burn Russian villages according to German scorched earth tactics. The battalions were disbanded and absorbed by various other units in 1944.
==Formation==
After the major defeat at Stalingrad in early 1943, Nazi Germany expanded its recruitment efforts to non-Germans. The efforts to form a Lithuanian Waffen-SS legion failed while the Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force was disbanded. Nazi officials then shifted their strategy in an attempt to form auxiliary units.〔Zizas (2000), p. 238〕 The process was supervised by Major General Emil Just (1885–1947), chief military commandant in occupied Lithuania.〔Zizas (2000), pp. 239–240〕 His proclamations were better received by the Lithuanians: the Wehrmacht was still somewhat respected unlike SS or civil administration (''Generalbezirk Litauen''). The propaganda also used Just's fatherly figure and distant Lithuanian heritage.〔Zizas (2000), pp. 241, 243〕 The official ceremony of sending out the first group of about 120 Lithuanian volunteers was held on March 20, 1943.〔Zizas (2000), p. 241〕
This was clearly not enough and a mandatory registration was announced for men born in 1919–1924 on April 6 and for men born in 1912–1918 and 1925 on June 10 by Adrian von Renteln.〔Zizas (2000), pp. 246–247〕 This was equivalent to mobilization. The sluggish registration prompted Nazi officials, including Petras Kubiliūnas, to threaten repressions.〔Zizas (2000), p. 251〕 Most common were arrests of parents or other relatives of those who failed to register.〔Zizas (2000), pp. 251–252〕 However, the Germans lacked the manpower to enforce the registrations while Lithuanian officials quietly sabotaged the efforts.〔Zizas (2000), pp. 253, 255, 259〕 Therefore, the mobilization failed: only about 3,000 out of estimated 100,000 eligible men were taken for military duty.〔Zizas (2000), p. 263〕 Most of the registered men were taken to ''Bau-Bataillonen'', the rest to Lithuanian ''Schutzmannschaft'' or auxiliary German air-defense battalions.〔Zizas (2000), pp. 262–263, 265〕 More people were taken for forced labor in Germany. In total, five ''Bau-Bataillonen'' were formed; there were attempts to form the 6th battalion but it seems it was never fully formed.〔 Each battalion was officially sent off to the front with a pompous public ceremony: streets were decorated with Lithuanian and Nazi flags, orchestras played music, men received flowers, officials delivered speeches.〔Stankeras (2008), pp. 592–593〕 Propaganda press lauded joint Lithuanian and German efforts in combating communism.〔Zizas (2000), p. 275〕
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